AUTHORS: David Baldock-Kaley Hart-Hans van Meijl-Peter Nowicki

‘Modulation’ is a policy mechanism, which aims to provide targeted support to rural areas, to improve the competitiveness of the farming and forestry sectors, enhance the environment and improve quality of life. The aim of this study has been to explore what the economic, social and environmental effects of introducing compulsory modulation are, both under current rates and rules (the baseline scenario), and a potential future scenario (the Health Check scenario), based on the Commission’s proposals for increasing modulation as part of the CAP Health Check.